BEYOND ZERO-SUM THINKING: INDIA’S STRATEGIC APPROACH TO TÜRKIYE’S GROWING PRESENCE IN THE INDIAN OCEAN
Türkiye’s expanding interest in the Indian Ocean—manifested through defence exports, naval diplomacy, and its growing partnership with Pakistan—has increasingly been interpreted in Indian strategic circles through a zero-sum lens. Yet this approach risks overestimating Türkiye’s structural capabilities while underestimating India’s ability to shape the regional environment. This article argues that India’s long-term maritime […]